Search results for "Embryoid body"

Epigenetic Regulation of Cardiac Differentiation of Embryonic Stem Cells and Tissues.

2016

International audience; Specific gene transcription is a key biological process that underlies cell fate decision during embryonic development. The biological process is mediated by transcription factors which bind genomic regulatory regions including enhancers and promoters of cardiac constitutive genes. DNA is wrapped around histones that are subjected to chemical modifications. Modifications of histones further lead to repressed, activated or poised gene transcription, thus bringing another level of fine tuning regulation of gene transcription. Embryonic Stem cells (ES cells) recapitulate within embryoid bodies (i.e., cell aggregates) or in 2D culture the early steps of cardiac developme…

2013

Perlecan is a heparan sulfate proteoglycan assembled into the vascular basement membranes (BMs) during vasculogenesis. In the present study we have investigated vessel formation in mice, teratomas and embryoid bodies (EBs) in the absence of perlecan. We found that perlecan was dispensable for blood vessel formation and maturation until embryonic day (E) 12.5. At later stages of development 40% of mutant embryos showed dilated microvessels in brain and skin, which ruptured and led to severe bleedings. Surprisingly, teratomas derived from perlecan-null ES cells showed efficient contribution of perlecan-deficient endothelial cells to an apparently normal tumor vasculature. However, in perlecan…

Human Embryonic Stem Cell-Derived and Fetal Macrophages Exhibit Mainly Features of Alternative (M2) Polarization.

2009

Abstract Abstract 4598 Monocyte heterogeneity has long been recognized and 2 functional subsets of human monocytes that exert specific roles in homeostasis and inflammation in vivo, M1 and M2 monocytes, has been described. The different monocyte subsets seem to reflect developmental stages with distinct physiological roles but few is known whether the macrophage diversity arises in early ontogeny. Human embryonic stem cells (hESC) provide an unique model for in vitro studies of the early ontogeny of the hematopoietic system. Human embryonic monocytes were obtained from embryoid bodies cultured for 3 weeks in the presence of BMP4, VEGF and a mixture of hematopoietic cytokines. The sorted CD1…

Disruption of apical-basal polarity of human embryonic stem cells enhances hematoendothelial differentiation

2007

Abstract During murine development, the formation of tight junctions and acquisition of polarity are associated with allocation of the blastomeres on the outer surface of the embryo to the trophoblast lineage, whereas the absence of polarization directs cells to the inner cell mass. Here, we report the results of ultrastructural analyses that suggest a similar link between polarization and cell fate in human embryos. In contrast, the five human embryonic stem cell (hESC) lines displayed apical-basal, epithelial-type polarity with electron-dense tight junctions, apical microvilli, and asymmetric distribution of organelles. Consistent with these findings, molecules that are components of tigh…

In Vitro Differentiation of Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells: Hematopoietic and Vascular Cell Types

2003

Publisher Summary Embryonic stem cells have been posited as sources of differentiated cell types for regenerative medicine. One of the most enticing cell types is the recently described endothelial progenitor cell (EPC) which can contribute to blood vessels and is a candidate for therapy against vascular diseases. This chapter describes an in vitro differentiation system, which results in the generation of endothelial, smooth muscle, and hematopoietic cells from ES cells. An ES-derived equivalent of the lateral plate mesoderm (LPM) has been generated, a critical source of vascular and hematopoietic cells during embryonic development. This in vitro differentiation system is useful for the an…

Gene Expression and Epigenetic Signatures of Germ Cell-Derived Pluripotent Stem Cells and Embryonic Stem Cells

2012

Germ cell-derived Pluripotent Stem Cells (gPSCs) are pluripotent stem cells that originate from Spermatogonial Stem Cells (SSCs) of the testis. Several reports in the last few years have shown that it is possible to isolate and enrich the SSC population by different approaches and even reprogram these in vivo multipotent cells to gPSCs in vitro. As these cells could be an alternative to circumvent the ethical objections regarding the use of Embryonic Stem Cells (ESCs) for therapeutic approaches, these SSC-derived gPSCs were characterized in several studies comparatively to the gold standard of pluripotency, the ESCs. The results ­provide great promise that gPSCs can be of importance for pra…

Genome Stability in Embryonic Stem Cells

2011

Paola Rebuzzini1, Maurizio Zuccotti2*, Carlo Alberto Redi1,3 and Silvia Garagna1,4,5* 1Laboratorio di Biologia dello Sviluppo, Dipartimento di Biologia Animale, Universita degli Studi di Pavia, Via Ferrata 9, 27100 Pavia, 2Sezione di Istologia ed Embriologia, Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Universita degli Studi di Parma, Via Volturno 39, 43100 Parma 3Fondazione I.R.C.C.S. Policlinico San Matteo, Piazzale Golgi, 19, 27100 Pavia 4Centro di Ricerca Interdipartimentale di Ingegneria Tissutale, Universita degli Studi di Pavia, Via Ferrata 1, 27100 Pavia 5Centro di Eccellenza in Biologia Applicata, Universita degli Studi di Pavia, Via Ferrata 9, 27100 Pavia Italy

Multipotent adult germline stem cells and embryonic stem cells have similar microRNA profiles.

2008

Spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) isolated from the adult mouse testis and cultured have been shown to respond to culture conditions and become pluripotent, so called multipotent adult germline stem cells (maGSCs). microRNAs (miRNAs) belonging to the 290 and 302 miRNA clusters have been previously classified as embryonic stem cell (ESC) specific. Here, we show that these miRNAs generally characterize pluripotent cells. They are expressed not only in ESCs but also in maGSCs as well as in the F9 embryonic carcinoma cell (ECC) line. In addition, we tested the time-dependent influence of different factors that promote loss of pluripotency on levels of these miRNAs in all three pluripotent cell t…

Germ Cell Differentiation from Pluripotent Cells

2013

Infertility is a medical condition with an increasing impact in Western societies with causes linked to toxins, genetics, and aging (primarily delay of motherhood). Within the different pathologies that can lead to infertility, poor quality or reduced quantity of gametes plays an important role. Gamete donation and therefore demand on donated sperm and eggs in fertility clinics is increasing. It is hoped that a better understanding of the conditions related to poor gamete quality may allow scientists to design rational treatments. However, to date, relatively little is known about human germ cell development in large part due to the inaccessibility of human development to molecular genetic …

Stage-specific germ-cell marker genes are expressed in all mouse pluripotent cell types and emerge early during induced pluripotency.

2011

Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) generated from the in-vitro culture of blastocyst stage embryos are known as equivalent to blastocyst inner cell mass (ICM) in-vivo. Though several reports have shown the expression of germ cell/pre-meiotic (GC/PrM) markers in ESCs, their functional relevance for the pluripotency and germ line commitment are largely unknown. In the present study, we used mouse as a model system and systematically analyzed the RNA and protein expression of GC/PrM markers in ESCs and found them to be comparable to the expression of cultured pluripotent cells originated from the germ line. Further, siRNA knockdown experiments have demonstrated the parallel maintenance and independen…